Center for Nutritional Research - All about Colostrum

• Immune Factors or Ig Antibodies
• Growth Factors
• Other Health Related Components of Colostrum
• Nutritional Components
• Proline-rich Polypeptides (PRPs)
• Lactoferrin

Immune Factors - antibodies

• Immunoglobulin type G (IgG1)
• Immunoglobulin type G (IgG2)
• Immunoglobulin type A (IgA)
• Immunoglobulin type M (IgM)
• Immunoglobulin type D (IgD)
• Immunoglobulin type E (IgE)

Growth Factors

• Growth hormone (GH)
• Insulin type growth factor (IGF-1)
• Insulin type growth factor (IGF-2)
• Transforming growth factor (TGF-alpha)
• Transforming growth factor (TGF-beta)
• Epidermal-GF
• Fibroblast-GF
• Platelet-derived-GF
• secretory IgA
• IgA specific helper

Other Health Related Components of Colostrum

• Lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate: anti-microbial
• Lactoferrin: regulate iron adsorption 20 times more concentrated in colostrum than milk, 4g/l, 1.0% in whole colostrum powder; highly antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant
• Transferrin: binds and transports iron
• Lysozome:  A hydrolyzing agent and immune system booster capable of destroying bacteria and viruses on contact
• Leukocytes: Stimulate the production of interferon, which slows viral reproduction, and penetration of cell walls.
• Lymphokines along with Interleukin-1,6, Gamma, Beta, are thought to be highly effective antiviral immune substance.
• Interleukins: regulate the duration and intensity of the immune response, and are responsible for cell to cell communication, can boost T-cell activity and the production of immunoglobulins.
• Xanthine Oxidase: oxidises bacteria through their ability to release hydrogen peroxide
• Typsin and Protease Inhibitors (glycoproteins): Prevent the destruction of immune and growth factors from being broken down the GI tract, treatment of ulcers.
• Lactalbumin: Raises brain serotonin levels, improves mood under stress
• Milk Fat Globule Membrane: Contains compounds, such as sphingomyelin, and other phospholipids that assist in development of the mucosal barrier, liver function, brain function,and immune function
• Milk Fat: Provides essential fatty acids for cell development and act as an energy source. Colostrum milk fat profile similar to that of spring milk (more unsaturated fatty acids).
• Lacto-oligosaccharides: Promote growth of good bacteria in the intestine,
• Sialyloligosaccharides and sialylglycoconjugates: Have an immune function in the intestine, Involved in brain and nerve development, and in cell to cell recognition
• The Saccharides in colostrum consist of all eight essential sugars, subject of Nobel Prize for medicine

Nutritional – Vitamins and Other Nutrients

• Vitamin B6
• Vitamin B12
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin A (from carotene)
• Vitamin C
• Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
• Folic Acid
• Pantothenic Acid
• Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
• Beta-carotene
• Glycoconjugates
• Glycogen
• Retinoic Acid

Nutritional – Minerals

• Calcium
• Chromium
• Iron
• Magnesium
• Phosphorus
• Potassium
• Sodium
• Zinc

What are Proline-Rich Polypeptides?

• Are short chain peptides (500-5000MW) with a high concentration of the amino acid Proline.
• Also called: info-peptides, info-proteins, cytokine precursors, colostrinin and, or immune-modulators.
• Support the regulation of the thymus, the gland responsible for the normal development of immunologic function in the body.
• Whole Colostrum Powder is rich in PRPs.
• Important in modulating immunity, cytokine levels, inhibiting viral infection of cells.
• They are generally characterized by PRP1, PRP2, PRP3, and to a lesser level PRP4 and PRP5.
• PRP1 inactive, PRP2 and PRP3 most active.
• Application field – immunotherapy, anti-viral, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, and restores normal cell function.

PRP Biochemical Mechanisms

• activates monocytes, in the presence of IFN-beta induces the synthesis of neopterin
• improves the efficiency of macrophages
• activated Leukocytes (white blood cells) stimulate the production of interferon which slows viral reproduction and inhibits viruses from penetrating cellular walls
• PRPs regulate the activity of the immune system as hormones of the thymus gland, which is the producer of T-Cells.
• PRPs are highly anti-inflammatory and also appears to act on T-cell precursors to produce helper T-cells and suppresser T-cells
• PRPs turn white blood cells into functionally active T cells.
• Natural Killer Cell (large globular T-lymphocytes) activity can increase lytic readings by 10 times under PRP supplementation. From 20 -> 250 lytic units in some experiments).
• PRP supplementation promote T helper lymphocytes to develop more along the cell population line of Type 1 rather than Type 2, thus providing a more hostile environment for viruses to thrive.
• Since pregnancy is a TH2 state, it is recommended that PRPs should not be used by pregnant woman.
• Modulation of TNF-alpha and cytokines results help in the treatment of auto-immune disorders, cancer, and allergies and mediates cell destruction by direct cell-to-cell contacts, and TNF-alpha modulation enhances the proliferation of T-cells induced by various stimuli in the absence of Interlukin-2
• PRPs modulate the cytokine system to stimulate an under active immune system and tones down an overactive one, and modulate the functional activities of individual cells and tissues.
• Modulated Interleukin 1 & 6, Interferon Y and Lymphokines have been shown to stimulate the lymph glands and are thought to be highly effective antiviral immune substances.
• PRPs produce more efficient T-lymphocytes that gather in the lymph nodes of the lymphatic system
• These modulated Interleukins regulate the duration and intensity of the immune response and are responsible for cell to cell communication, boost T-cell activity and the production of immunoglobulins.
• Modulated activity of cytokine IFN-beta is involved in the regulation of unspecific humoral immune responses and immune responses against viral infections.
• PRP administration, in association with or without antiviral drugs, is well tolerated and seems beneficial to AIDS patients.
• PRPs are well tolerated compared to antiviral drugs from initial infection (low viral load) to final AIDs stages of infection (high viral load).
• PRPS are extremely useful, relatively risk-free alternative and adjunctive therapy for treatment of cell-mediated or TH1-deficient conditions. Think of its potential use in illnesses such as cancer, chronic fatigue, viral infections, allergies, fungal infections, chronic infections, and autoimmune diseases.

Most Common Cytokines Influenced by PRPs

• Interleukin type-1
• Interleukin type-4
• Interleukin type-6
• Interleukin type-10
• Interleukin type-13
• Interleukin type-14
• Beta-interferon (IFN-beta)*
• Interferon-alpha (TFN-alpha)*
• Interferon-gamma

Beta-interferon (IFN-beta) Cytokine Beta-interferon (IFN-beta) cytokine – application references

• AIDS/HIV – 33 references
• Acute Viral Infections – 35 references
• Anti-inflammatory – 15 references
• Cancer – 6 references

Beta-Interferon (IFN-beta) Cytokine

• MW20,000, 166 amino acids.
• Some PRPs stimulate the production of Beta-Interferon, a cytokine that inhibits viral infection of cells (antiinflammatory cytokine (Inglot, A.D. et at., Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Wasz),1996, 44(4):215-224)

Beta-Interferon (IFN-beta) Cytokine

• Interleukins that regulate the duration and intensity of the immune response are responsible for cell to cell communication, boost T-cell activity and the production of immunoglobulins.
• IFN-beta is involved in the regulation of unspecific humoral immune responses and immune responses against viral infections.
• The activity of T suppressor cells elicited by several stimuli is stimulated also by IFN-beta.
• IFN-beta enhances the synthesis of the low affinity IgE receptor CD-23.
• In activated monocytes IFN-beta induces the synthesis of neopterin
• IFN-beta shows antiproliferative activity against a number of cell lines established from solid tumors.
• IFN-beta stimulates the activity of Natural Killer cells and hence also antibody-dependent cytotoxicity.
• The activity of T suppressor cells elicited by several stimuli is stimulated also by IFN-beta.
• Some studies suggest that IFN-beta tends to prevent disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis - Panitch
• HS Interferons in multiple sclerosis. A review of the evidence. Drugs 44: 946-62 (1992);
• IFN-beta in combination with IFN-alpha has been used in the treatment of chronic active hepatitis B and appears to be most promising if the disease has not lasted longer than 5 years. The antiviral activity of IFN-beta is demonstrated also in the treatment of severe childhood viral encephalitis. - Capalbo M et al., Ital. Journal of Gastroenterol. 24: 203-5 (1992); Kagawa T et al A pilot study of long-term weekly interferon-beta administration for chronic hepatitis B. American Journal of Gastroenterol. 88: 212-6 (1993);
• A combination treatment in combination with acyclovir is more effective than treatment with acyclovir alone - Wintergerst U and Belohradsky BH Acyclovir monotherapy versus acyclovir plus beta-interferon in focal viral encephalitis in children. Infection 20: 207-12 (1992)
• IFN-beta also appears to be very promising for the adjuvant therapy of malignant melanomas with a high potential for metastasis - Fierlbeck G et al [ Intralesional therapy of melanoma metastases with recombinant interferon-beta] Hautarzt. 43: 16-21 (1992);
• Combination of beta-interferon and tamoxifen as a new way to overcome clinical resistance to tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer - Buzzi F et al., Anticancer Research 12: 869-71 (1992);

TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor – alpha) cytokine application references

• Auto-immune diseases
  – Chrohn’s – 3 reference
  – Rheumatoid Arthritis – 6 references
  – Multiple Schlerosis – 3 references
  – Lupus – 1 reference
  – Sjogren’s Syndrome – 1 reference
• Alzehmers – 9 references
• Allergies – 10 references
• Asthma – 2 references
• Anti-inflammatory – 15 references
• Anti-Oxidant Properties – 8 references
• Athletic Performance – 37 references
• Bacterial Infection – 42 references
• Cancer – 6 references
• Diabetes – 5 references
• Heart disease – 3 references
• Immune support – 33 references

TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor – alpha) cytokine applications and characteristics

• MW 26,000
• TNF-alpha shows a wide spectrum of biological activities.
• It causes cytolysis and cytostasis of many tumor cell lines in vitro.
• The factor induces hemorrhagic necrosis of transplanted tumors (Apoptosis). Within hours after taking, TNF-alpha leads to the destruction of small blood vessels within malignant tumors.
• In contrast to chemotherapeutic drugs TNF-alpha specifically attacks malignant cells.
• Extensive preclinical studies have documented a direct immuno-modulatory effects on various immune effector cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and T-cells - Bonavida B Immunomodulatory effect of tumor necrosis factor. Biotherapy 3: 127-33 (1991);
• Single- and multiple-dose phase I studies have confirmed that TNF-alpha can be administered safely to patients with anticancer effect, without concurrent serious toxicities such as shock and cachexia - Cordingley FT et al Tumor necrosis factor as an autocrine tumor growth factor for chronic B cell malignancies. Lancet I: 969-71 (1988);
• The combined use of TNF-alpha and cytotoxic or immune modulatory agents, particularly IFN-gamma and possibly IL-2, may be of advantage in the treatment of some tumors.
• TNF-alpha can be used to increase the aggressiveness of lymphokine (activated killer cells) - Gifford GE and Duckworth DH Introduction to TNF and related lymphokines. Biotherapy 3: 103-11 (1991);
• Since TNF-alpha is found in the synovial fluid of patients suffering from arthritis, these inhibitors may be helpful in ameliorating the disease and this has been shown to be the case in animal models of severe collagen induced arthritis, and also the severe consequences of  Systemic inflammatory Response Syndrome’.
• TNF-alpha has been shown also to protect hematopoietic precursors against irradiation and cytotoxic agents, suggesting that it may have some potential therapeutic applications in aplasia induced by chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation - Larrick JW and Wright SC Cytotoxic mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. FASEB Journal 4: 3215-32 (1990)
• One case of severe therapy-resistant Morbus Crohn has been treated with monoclonal antibodies directed against TNF-alpha. Treatment has been reported to have resulted in a complete remission lasting for three months - Derkx B et al Tumor necrosis factor antibody treatment in Crohn's disease. Lancet 342: 173-4 (1993);

Is a PRP product commercially available?

• Viralox® mainly for pathogenic and viral infections: contains Proline-rich Polypeptides 2 and 3 (PRPs) , Lactoferrin and Beta-interferon.
• IRM Immune Response Modulator™ Mainly for Asthma, allergies and auto-immune contains Proline-rich Polypeptides 2 and mostly 3 (PRP 3s), Lactoferrin and TNF-alpha.