Includes transfer factor, colostrinin(e), dialyzable leukocyte extract (DLE)

Ablashi DV, Levine PH, De Vinci C, Whitman JE Jr, Pizza G, Viza D.  Use of anti HHV-6 transfer factor for the treatment of two patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Two case reports.  Biotherapy 9(1-3):81-6 (1996).  Transfer factor (PRP) specific to Human Herpes Virus-6 (HHV-6) significantly improved the clinical manifestations of one patient suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome, while another showed no improvement.

PubMed Reference    PMID:8993763

Abe H, Saito H, Miyakawa H, Tamura Y, Shimamura S, Nagao E, Tomita M. Heat stability of bovine lactoferrin at acidic pH. Journal of Dairy Science. 74:65-71 (1991). Pasteurizing lactoferrin at pH 4.0 preserves its activity.
Andersen JH, Jenssen H, Gutteberg TJ.   Lactoferrin and lactoferricin inhibit Herpes simplex 1 and 2 infection and exhibit synergy when combined with acyclovir.  Antiviral Research 58(3):209-215 (2003).  When used against HSV-1 and -2, the combination of lactoferrin or its peptide lactoferricin with acyclovir demonstrated good synergy.  The effective dosage of both lactoferrin and acyclovir could be reduced 2-7 times.

PubMed Reference    PMID:12767468

Arteaga A, Santa-Olalla P, Sierra MJ, Limia A, Cortes M, Amela C. [Epidemic risk of disease associated with a new strain of Clostridium difficile.] Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica Epub ahead of print (2009).  Clostridium difficile (C. dificile) infections have increased in North America and Europe over the last few decades, mostly as a result of antibiotic abuse. A new strain of C. difficile, known as toxigenic type III, has increased pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance resulting in the threat of an epidemic if immediate steps are not taken. [Article in Spanish]

PubMed Reference    PMID:19386385

Costanzo SD, Murby J, Bates J. Ecosystem response to antibiotics entering the aquatic environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51(1-4):218-223 (2005). Antibiotics in effluent from treatment plants could be detected up to a half kilometer from the point of entry. Bacteria in the water near the effluent discharge points tended to be antibiotic resistant.

PubMed Reference    PMID:15757723

Akita EM, Li-Chan EC.  Isolation of bovine immunoglobulin G subclasses from milk, colostrum, and whey using immobilized egg yolk antibodies.  Journal of Dairy Science 81(1):54-63 (1998).  Both IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses of IgG were isolated from bovine colostrum and milk.  Removal of IgG1 and IgG2 also resulted in the removal of all IgG activity from the colostrum and milk.

PubMed Reference    PMID:9493082

Ballard F, Wallace J, Francis G, Read L, Tomas F.  Des (1-3) IGF-1: a truncated form of insulin-like growth factor-1. International Journal of Cellular Biology. 28:1085-1087 (1996). Des (1-3) IGF-1 is a truncated form of IGF that is 10 times more potent than IGF-1 in stimulating hypertrophy and proliferation of cells in vitro.  It is present in bovine colostrum.

PubMed Reference    PMID:8930132

Ahmed, L, Islam, SN, Khan, MN, Huque, S, Ahsan, M. Antioxidant micronutrient profile (vitamin E, C, A, copper, zinc, iron) of colostrum: association with maternal characteristics. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics  50(6):357-358 (2004).  Maternal characteristics had no influence on the profile of nutrient profile of antioxidants in colostrum.

PubMed Reference    PMID:15537722

Goldman AS, Goldblum RM, Hanson LA.  Anti-inflammatory properties in human milk.  Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 75(5):689-695 (1986).  The major anti-inflammatory components found in human milk (and bovine colostrum) include anti-proteases, lactoferrin, lysozyme, secretory IgA, and a number of antioxidants, including cysteine, ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene.

PubMed Reference    PMID:2181825

Antonio J, Can Bovine Colostrum Enhance Levels of IGF-1? Muscle & Fitness (1998). Studies indicate that bovine colostrum supplementation can increase levels of IGF-1.

Antonio, J, Sanders, M and Van Gammeren, D. The Effects of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation on Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Active Men and Women. Nutrition 17(3):243-247 (2001). Supplementation with bovine colostrum (20 g/day) in combination with exercise training may increase bone-free lean body mass in active men and women. Study participants taking colostrum for eight weeks experienced a significant increase in lean body mass.

PubMed Reference    PMID:11312068